Business Relationships-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Keep up Business Relationships and Negotiate Outcomes. Answer: As the deals and client relationship official at the CoffeeVille East Melbourne Store to manage the customer from Australian Hardware Melbourne Office a vital arrangement has been started. The customer is looking for 15%discout that has been haggled to 10% as that is the greatest that can be advertised. The markdown of 10% must be first talked about with the head supervisor of the store before finalizing the negotiation. The customer has been given data about the terms of exchange and the limits strategy of CoffeeVille. Must get endorsement of offers or limits over assignment limit from store head supervisor before finishing up business with client and agreements are agreed upon. For the subsequent customer, who is structure the Melbourne Car World is meeting for a strategic agreement. The customer needs to connect with CoffeeVille to build up a key association that will offer a markdown to their workers on espresso. In this organization the benefit of the business is of two folds: advancement: Coffeeville will have advancement in the vehicle world and henceforth the footfall in the vehicle world is generally high the limited time strategies will arrive at the intended interest group. Besides increment in deals from the workers of the vehicle world. The protection and selectiveness approaches must be disclosed to the customer structure vehicle world, the danger of the benefit segment of this organization being weakened by different bistros and contenders stay in this plan. The security strategy of the organization satisfies that all data about the customers are sheltered and ensured by the organization. Without the assent of any of the outsiders identified with the administration of the organization no data is uncovers, except if the data prerequisite is coordinated by the legal executive. To manufacture and keep up trust among the customers and the administration of the organization it is critical to put together it with respect to the trust of non revelation. The records will be marked before the arrangements with the customers are fixed. Some data is utilized by the organization itself or by who play out a portion of these assignments legitimately for our sake, for instance cargo organizations or examination offices. These organizations are likewise under agreement and understanding of non revelation of the data by the National Privacy Principles. Coffeville has an inside information assurance and electronic information transmission process; any interchanges that are occurred online by means of the site are secure and no close to home data can be utilized by any outsider without the information on the administration.

Is the Impeachment in the Nations Best Interest? :: History Clinton Scandal Essays

Is the Impeachment in the Nations Best Interest? The President of the US blocked equity by urging Monica Lewinsky to document a bogus testimony on account of Jones v. Clinton. At that point he submitted fabulous jury prevarication when he expressed that he told Ms. Lewinsky she may have the option to abstain from affirming for the situation by documenting an oath. He likewise deterred equity by permitting his lawyer to utilize this bogus testimony trying to remove a real line of addressing during his affidavit. He at that point lied about this block before the excellent jury. The President despite everything denies he violated the law. He knows, notwithstanding, that when he admits this then it’s all over for him. Actually I figure the President broke the law. Be that as it may, is it worth yielding the prosperity of the country over this? Would we truly like to look at our children without flinching and reveal to them that the nation’s economy was destroyed over the Presidents penis? How could this prosecution be useful for the nation? Is it some way or another going to make the nation more grounded for individuals to see that even the President isn't exempt from the laws that apply to everyone else. Consistently individuals see cops fixing tickets, makes a decision about fixing tickets, government officials getting the offspring of their â€Å"friends† free when they messed up and there are several different ways individuals in this nation stay away from the results of the law. Americans are accustomed to washing every others backs and looking the other way. But at this point the President can’t pull off uncovering himself without being accused of deterrent of equity. It’s down right terrifying to think the President of the wealthiest nation on the planet doesn’t have enough draw to escape this. I present that O.J. Simpson pulled off slaughtering two individuals and with a pile of proof against him. So in the event that you can’t trust this Democratic President who would you be able to trust? Surely not the Republicans, they said â€Å"Hey Bill simply concede wrong doing and all will be forgiven† yet that clearly was a falsehood. Presently the war against the two gatherings has taken on another savagery. The before you know it neither one of the sides can trust the other. Accept this as a speculative senario. Pressures work between the two gatherings, a Democrat bombs the Republican base camp, the Republicans fight back, and hard lines are attracted our nation.

8 Surprising Reasons to Live with Purpose

8 Surprising Reasons to Live with Purpose Do you wake up every day with a sense of purpose? I know I often don’t. I open my eyes in the morning more with of a sense that I will soon be dragged around by my “to do” list. First on my mind is my agenda for the day and all the stuff I need to DO. Or I go to my computer to let my inbox tell me what to do. Sound familiar? Living this way is one sign that I am not in touch with my purpose. And I don’t mean the BIG significant purpose that most of us think of when we think of “life purpose.” While some people might know what that is for themselves, most of us aren’t sure, or are afraid of not getting it “right.” Maybe we’re putting too much pressure on ourselves. Purpose is in the moment. Last week I went on a leadership retreat with the Wright Foundation for the Realization of Human Potential where the theme was “Purpose.” What I learned is that purposeful living is about living every moment with a purpose in that moment. It could be something as simple as giving our gifts or living with aliveness and presence, in service of ourselves and others. Purpose is who we are being, not what we are doing. What a concept. We can actually try on different purposes each day to see which one motivates us to lead a more fulfilled life. One of the moment by moment purposes toward which I gravitate is using my creative talents. To that end, I wrote a little song and made a video that I will share with you here. Despite the spoof on a commercial spot, this song is all about the real, scientifically proven benefits of living with purpose. Thank you to Rick Bread Kempf, Jacki Davidoff, and Tammy Taylor for singing with me, and to Silvana Favaretto for recording us on my iPhone! Here are the lyrics to my masterpiece, The Purpose Thermos: Purpose you’ve got so much to do Purpose much more of being you Purpose you’ve got a surplus So drink a thermos of purpose today. Purpose it’s who you are each day Purpose repairs your DNA Purpose you’ve got a surplus So drink a thermos of purpose today. Purpose gives you a song to sing Purpose gives you more mattering Purpose you’ve got a surplus So drink a thermos of purpose today. Purpose you’ll feel much more alive Purpose will rev up your sex drive Purpose you’ve got a surplus So drink a thermos of purpose today. Are you in touch with your purpose from moment to moment? What is your sense of purpose right now, reading this article or watching the video? How can you make a difference for others and for yourself in this moment? And this one? And this one? Please share.

Platos Meno Plot, Analysis, and Commentary on virtue

Although fairly short, Platos dialog Meno is generally regarded as one of his most important and influential works. In a few pages, it ranges over several fundamental philosophical questions, such as: What is virtue?Can it be taught or is it innate?Do we know some things a priori (independent of experience)?What is the difference between really knowing something and merely holding a correct belief about it? The dialog also has some dramatic significance. We see Socrates reduce Meno, who begins by confidently assuming that he knows what virtue is, to a state of confusion–an unpleasant experience presumably common among those who engaged Socrates in debate. We also see Anytus, who will one day be one of the prosecutors responsible for Socrates trial and execution, warn Socrates that he should be careful what he says, especially about his fellow Athenians. The  Meno  can be divided into four main parts: The unsuccessful search for a definition of virtueSocrates proof that some of our knowledge is innateA discussion of whether virtue can be taughtA discussion of why there are no teachers of virtue Part One: The Search for a Definition of Virtue The dialog opens with Meno asking Socrates a seemingly straightforward question: Can virtue be taught? Socrates, typically for him, says he doesnt know since he doesnt know what virtue is, and he hasnt met anyone who does. Meno is astonished at this reply and accepts Socrates invitation to define the term. The Greek word usually translated as virtue is arete, although it might also be translated as excellence.  The concept is closely linked to the idea of something fulfilling its purpose or function. Thus, the arete of a sword would be those qualities that make it a good weapon, for instance: sharpness, strength, balance. The arete of a horse would be qualities such as speed, stamina, and obedience. Menos first definition: Virtue is relative to the sort of person in question. For example, the virtue of a woman is to be good at managing a household and to be submissive to her husband. The virtue of a soldier is to be skilled at fighting and brave in battle. Socrates response: Given the meaning of arete,  Menos answer is quite understandable. But Socrates rejects it. He argues that when Meno points to several things as instances of virtue, there must be something they all have in common, which is why they are all called virtues. A good definition of a concept should identify this common core or essence. Menos second definition: Virtue is the ability to rule men. This may strike a modern reader as rather odd, but the thinking behind it is probably something like this: Virtue is what makes possible the fulfillment of ones purpose. For men, the ultimate purpose is happiness; happiness consists of lots of pleasure; pleasure is the satisfaction of desire; and the key to satisfying ones desires is to wield power—in other words, to rule over men. This sort of reasoning would have been associated with the sophists. Socrates response: The ability to rule men is only good if the rule is just.  But justice is only one of the virtues.  So Meno has defined the general concept of virtue by identifying it with one specific kind of virtue. Socrates then clarifies what he wants with an analogy.  The concept of shape cant be defined by describing squares, circles or triangles.  Shape is what all these figures share.  A general definition would be something like this: shape is that which is bounded by color. Menos third definition: Virtue is the desire to have and the ability to acquire fine and beautiful things. Socrates response: Everyone desires what they think is good (an idea one encounters in many of Platos dialogues). So if people differ in virtue, as they do, this must be because they differ in their ability to acquire the fine things they consider good.  But acquiring these things–satisfying ones desires–can be done in a good way or a bad way.  Meno concedes that this ability is only a virtue if it is exercised in a good way–in other words, virtuously.  So once again, Meno has built into his  definition the very notion hes trying to define. Part Two: Is Some of Our Knowledge Innate? Meno declares himself utterly confused:   O Socrates, I used to be told, before I knew you, that  you were always doubting yourself and making others doubt; and now you  are casting your spells over me, and I am simply getting bewitched and  enchanted, and am at my wits end. And if I may venture to make a jest  upon you, you seem to me both in your appearance and in your power over  others to be very like the flat torpedo fish, who torpifies those who come  near him and touch him, as you have now torpified me, I think. For my soul  and my tongue are really torpid, and I do not know how to answer you. Menos description of how he feels gives us some idea of the effect Socrates must have had on many people. The Greek term for the situation he finds himself in is aporia, which is often translated as impasse but also denotes perplexity.  He then presents Socrates with a famous paradox. Menos paradox: Either we know something or we dont.  If we know it, we dont need to inquire any further.  But if we dont know it if we cant inquire since we dont know what were looking for and wont recognize it if we found it. Socrates dismisses Menos paradox as a debaters trick,  but he nevertheless responds to the challenge, and his response is both surprising and sophisticated.  He appeals to the testimony of priests and priestesses who say that the soul is immortal, entering and leaving one body after another, that in the process it acquires a comprehensive knowledge of all there is to know, and that what we call learning is actually just a process of recollecting what we already know. This is a doctrine that Plato may have learned from the Pythagoreans. The slave boy demonstration:  Meno asks Socrates if he can prove that all learning is recollection. Socrates responds by calling over a slave boy, who he establishes has had no mathematical training, and setting him a geometry problem.  Drawing a square in the dirt, Socrates asks the boy how to double the area of the square.  The boys first guess is that one should double the length of the squares sides.  Socrates shows that this is incorrect.  The slave boy tries again, this time suggesting that one increase the length of the sides by 50 percent.  He is shown that this is also wrong.  The boy then declares himself to be at a loss.  Socrates points out that the boys situation now is similar to that of Meno.  They both believed they knew something; they now realize their belief was mistaken; but this new awareness of their own ignorance, this feeling of perplexity, is, in fact, an improvement. Socrates then proceeds to guide the boy to the right answer: you double the area of a square by using its diagonal as the basis for the larger square. He claims at the end to have demonstrated that the boy in some sense already had this knowledge within himself: all that was needed was someone to stir it up and make recollection easier.   Many readers will be skeptical of this claim. Socrates certainly seems to ask the boy leading questions. But many philosophers have found something impressive about the passage.  Most dont consider it a proof of the theory of reincarnation, and even Socrates concedes that this theory is highly speculative. But many have seen it as a convincing proof that human beings have some a priori knowledge (information that is self-evident).  The boy may not be able to reach the correct conclusion unaided, but he is able to recognize the truth of the conclusion and the validity of the steps that lead him to it.  He isnt simply repeating something he has been taught. Socrates doesnt insist that his claims about reincarnation are certain.  But he does argue that the demonstration supports his fervent belief that we will live better lives if we believe that knowledge is worth pursuing as opposed to lazily assuming that there is no point in trying. Part Three: Can Virtue Be Taught? Meno asks Socrates to return to their original question: Can virtue be taught?  Socrates reluctantly agrees and constructs the following argument: Virtue is something beneficial; its a  good thing to haveAll good things are only good if they are accompanied by knowledge or wisdom (for example, courage is good in a wise person, but in a fool, it is mere recklessness)Therefore virtue is a kind of knowledgeTherefore virtue can be taught The argument is not especially convincing.  The fact that all good things, in order to be beneficial, must be accompanied by wisdom doesnt really show that this wisdom is the same thing as virtue.  The idea that virtue is a kind of knowledge, however, does seem to have been a central tenet of Platos moral philosophy.  Ultimately, the knowledge in question is the knowledge of what truly is in ones best long-term interests. Anyone who knows this will be virtuous since they know that living a good life is the surest path to happiness.  And anyone who fails to be virtuous reveals that they dont understand this.  Hence the flip side of virtue is knowledge is all wrongdoing is ignorance, a claim that Plato spells out and seeks to justify in dialogues  such as the Gorgias.   Part Four: Why Are There No Teachers of Virtue? Meno is content to conclude that virtue can be taught, but Socrates, to Menos surprise, turns on his own argument and starts criticizing it.  His objection is simple.  If virtue could be taught there would be teachers of virtue.  But there arent any.  Therefore it cant be teachable after all. There follows an exchange with Anytus, who has joined the conversation, that is charged with dramatic irony.  In response to Socrates wondering, rather tongue-in-cheek query whether sophists might not be teachers of virtue, Anytus contemptuously dismisses the sophists as people who, far from teaching virtue, corrupt those who listen to them. Asked who could teach virtue, Anytus suggests that any Athenian gentleman should be able to do this by passing on what they have learned from preceding generations.  Socrates is unconvinced.  He points out that great Athenians like Pericles, Themistocles, and Aristides were all good men, and they managed to teach their sons specific skills like horse riding, or music.  But they didnt teach their sons to be as virtuous as themselves, which they surely would have done if they had been able to. Anytus leaves, ominously warning Socrates that he is too ready to speak ill of people and that he should take care in expressing such views.  After he leaves Socrates confronts the paradox that he now finds himself with: on the one hand, virtue is teachable since it is a kind of knowledge; on the other hand, there are no teachers of virtue. He resolves it by distinguishing between real knowledge and correct opinion.   Most of the time in practical life, we get by perfectly well if we simply have correct beliefs about something. For example,  if you want to grow tomatoes and you correctly believe that planting them on the south side of the garden will produce a good crop, then if you do this youll get the outcome youre aiming at. But to really be able to teach someone how to grow tomatoes, you need more than a bit of practical experience and a few rules of thumb; you need a genuine knowledge of horticulture, which includes an understanding of soils, climate, hydration, germination, and so on. The good men who fail to teach their sons virtue are like practical gardeners without theoretical knowledge. They do well enough themselves most of the time, but their opinions are not always reliable, and they arent equipped to teach others. How do these good men acquire virtue?  Socrates suggests it is a gift from the gods, similar to the gift of poetic inspiration enjoyed by those who are able to write poetry but are unable to explain how they do it. The Significance of the  Meno The  Meno  offers a fine illustration of Socrates argumentative methods and his search for definitions of moral concepts.  Like many of Platos early dialogues, it ends rather inconclusively.  Virtue hasnt been defined.  It has been identified with a kind of knowledge or wisdom, but exactly what this knowledge consists in hasnt been specified.  It seems it can be taught, at least in principle, but there are no teachers of virtue since no one has an adequate theoretical understanding of its essential nature.  Socrates implicitly includes himself among those who cannot teach virtue since he candidly admits at the outset that he doesnt know how to define it.   Framed by all this uncertainty, however, is the episode with the slave boy where Socrates asserts the doctrine of reincarnation and demonstrates the existence of innate knowledge.  Here he seems more confident about the truth of his claims.  It is likely that these ideas about reincarnation and inborn knowledge represent the views of Plato rather than Socrates.  They figure again in other dialogues, notably the Phaedo.  This passage is one of the most celebrated in the history of philosophy and is the starting point for many subsequent debates about the nature and the possibility of a priori knowledge. An Ominous Subtext While the content of Meno is a classic in its form and metaphysical function, it also has an underlying and ominous subtext. Plato wrote Meno about 385 BCE, placing the events about 402 BCE, when Socrates was 67 years old, and about three years before he was executed for corrupting Athenian youth. Meno was a young man who was described in historical records as treacherous, eager for wealth and supremely self-confident. In the dialogue, Meno believes he is virtuous because he has given several discourses about it in the past: and Socrates proves that he cant know whether hes virtuous or not because he doesnt know what virtue is. Anytus was the main prosecutor in the court case that led to Socratess death. In Meno, Anytus threatens Socrates, I think that you are too ready to speak evil of men: and, if you will take my advice, I would recommend you to be careful. Anytus is missing the point, but nevertheless, Socrates is, in fact, shoving this particular Athenian youth off his self-confident pedestal, which would definitely be construed in Anytuss eyes as a corrupting influence. Resources and Further Reading Bluck, R. S. Platos Meno. Phronesis 6.2 (1961): 94–101. Print.Hoerber, Robert G. Platos Meno. Phronesis 5.2 (1960): 78–102. Print.Klein, Jacob. A Commentary on Platos Meno. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1989.Kraut, Richard. Plato. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 2017. Web.Plato. Meno. Translated by Benjamin Jowett, Dover, 2019.Silverman, Allan. Platos Middle Period Metaphysics and Epistemology. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 2014. Web.Tejera, V. History and Rhetoric in Platos Meno, or on the Difficulties of Communicating Human Excellence. Philosophy Rhetoric 11.1 (1978): 19–42. Print.

Technology And The Moral Values Of Students - 906 Words

In addition to harming their health and development, devices also corrupt the moral values of students. Easy access to the Internet encourages many students to plagiarize text for papers and assignments. Furthermore, more than â…“ of teens with cell phones admitted to having stored information on them to look during a test or texting friends about answers (Miners). Versatile technologies have made cheating easier and many students do not realize using their devices is considered cheating. The lack of person-to-person contact in new cheating methods makes it harder for them to feel as if they are doing anything wrong. â€Å"Nearly 1 in 4 students thinks thinks that accessing notes on a cell phone, texting friends with answers, or using a phone to†¦show more content†¦This may encourage some kids to bully since they feel they are shielded by the Internet. Kids who are cyberbullied are more likely to use alcohol and drugs, skip school, receive poor grades, and have lower self-esteem and health problems. Cell phone use has to be limited because it cannot be continued at the expense of weak students who cannot speak up. According to the 2013-2014 School Crime Supplement, 7 percent of students in grades 6-12 experienced cyberbullying. About 1 in 4 teens have been the victims of cyberbullying and about 1 in 6 admit having cyberbullied someone. In some studies, more than half of surveyed teens said they experienced abuse through social and digital media. (ASPA). Unfortunately, technology serves as a tool to harass others and cannot be increasingly used. Although some believe technology has provided a multitude of benefits to students, it is monster in disguise. Many supporters emphasize the benefits devices have offered such as easy communication with instructors. However, most students do not use their phones to exploit these benefits. Most students do not use most of their time on their cell phones to email their teachers or check educational websites. Furthermore, supporters assert that students can search for topics on the Internet faster and more efficiently and recognize that the traditional method of education is still an option for those who prefer it. 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Therefore, for them to be relevantRead MoreThe Influence of Television and Technology in Society Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesthe degradation of imagination; and thus, destroy what has been created in the past? It appears that with the advancement we have the privilege and opportunity to do things better but to what effect to human society? There appears to be a concern of moral and spiritual affect of what, and how we as society got to this point! Television has conveyed numerous adjustments to the way many people squander their leisure time. Some changes are beneficial; while others may be more poisonous to the mind. Television

Nationalism in Latin American History Free Essays

Nationalism 1. In the wake of neocolonialism, Latin Americans remade the nativist rhetoric of the past to push a new nationalist cultural and economic agenda. I. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism in Latin American History or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nationalism 1. Latin American nations had been defined by their internal diversity 1. Transculturation 2. Racial mixing 2. Europeans had associated Latin American difference with a negative meaning 3. Nativism challenged this attitude 4. Nativism faded after independence 3. New nationalism was another wave of nativism with strong economic agenda 4. Who were nationalists? 5. Often urban, middle class 6. Mixed-race or recent immigrants . Benefitted less from export boom 5. Nationalism challenged the supposed superiority of European culture 8. Reinterpretation of Latin American difference as positive 9. Use of local cultural forms to define that difference 6. Critique of foreign intervention 10. Military intervention 11. Economic power 7. Ethnic nationalism 12. Differs from U. S. â€Å"civic nationalism† 13. Employs signs of ethnic identity 1. Foods 2. Dance 3. Clothing 1. Celebrates racial mixing 1. Adaptation to Latin American environment 2. Sometimes as improvement — best of all races 3. Nicolas Guillen . Premier exponent of Afro-Cuban identity 2. â€Å"Ballad of Two Grandfathers† 3. Poems sometimes mimicked Afro-Cuban speech 1. Many writers use indigenous and Afro-Cuban themes 1. Alejo Carpentier (Cuba) 2. Ciro Alegria (Peru) 3. Miguel angel Asturias (Guatemala) I. Nationalists Take Power 1. Mexican Revolution 1. Diaz had ruled for 34 years by 1910 2. Reformers back Francisco Madero 1. Madero sought only more power for elites in Diaz government 2. Madero was jailed and exiled 1. Madero radicalizes, proposes returning indigenous lands 2. Emiliano Zapata 1. From indigenous community of Anenecuilo 2. Lost land to sugar plantations 3. Allied his movement with Madero 4. His image — sombrero, mustache, horse — become iconic of Revolution 5. One of many local leaders moving against the government 1. Madero goes into exile in 1911 1. Diaz unseated by a general, killed 2. Years of upheaval, multiple armies fighting at once 1. Pancho Villa 1. Northern Mexico 2. Army comprised of cowboys, miners, railroad workers, oil workers 3. Very different from Zapata’s southern indigenous rebellion 1. Constitutionalists 1. Third movement along with Villa and Zapata 2. Urban, middle class 3. Drafted a new constitution in 1917 4. More typical of Latin American nationalists 5. May be considered the â€Å"winners† of the revolution 1. Constitution of 1917 1. Article 27 reclaims oil rights for nation from foreign companies 2. Paved the way for villages to recover common lands (ejidos) 3. Division of large landholdings, distribution to landless peasants 4. Article 123 – labor regulations 5. Limited privileges of foreigners 6. Curbed Catholic church 1. No longer could hold land 2. Limits to number of clergy . Clergy could not wear ecclesiastical clothes in the street 4. Clergy could not teach primary school 1. 7. Defeated Villa and Zapata 2. Fought off Catholic traditionalist â€Å"Cristero† rebellion 3. Created single-party political system 1. Remained in power as Revolutionary Party for seventy years 2. Employed Villa, Zapata, Madero as its heroes 1. Revolution was transformative for Me xico 1. Created new loyalties 2. Occupied a central space in the national imagination 3. Two U. S. interventions added nationalist luster 1. New government initiatives 1. Road initiative decreases isolation of rural areas 2. Land redistribution 3. Public education initiative 4. Jose Vasconcelos 1. Minister of Education 2. Celebrated the â€Å"Cosmic Race,† meaning mestizos 1. Artists Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo illustrate revolutionary nationalism 1. Diego Rivera 1. Muralist 2. Depicted Mexico’s indigenous past 3. Painted Ministry of Public Education 1. (i) Images of open-air schools 2. (ii) Indigenous peasants dividing land 1. Mexico’s national palace 1. (i) Scenes of Tenochtitlan 2. (ii) Depicts Spanish conquest as a hypocritical bloodbath 1. . Frida Kahlo 1. Small self-portraits 2. Painted while bedridden 1. (i) Polio survivor 2. (ii) Crippled by a traffic accident 3. (iii) Multiple surgeries 1. Depicted herself with cultural symbols of Mexico 1. (i) Traditional hairstyles 2. (ii) Folk dresses 3. (iii) Pre-Colombian jewelry 1. Nationalism was en vogue in the 1920s–30s 1. Folk music (corridos) 2. Dance (jarabes) 3. Tradi tional dishes (moles  and  tamales) 4. Old-style theater (carpas) 5. Mexican films 1. Nationalist movement had Marxist overtones 1. Kahlo and Rivera joined Communist party 2. Soviet exile Trotsky lived in Mexico 1. Uruguay 1. Background 1. Export boom rivaled that of Argentina 2. Ruled through managed elections 1. Jose Batlle y Ordonez 1. Country’s great nationalist reformer 2. First term (1903–07) vanquished political rivals 3. Broad support among immigrant working and middle class of Montevideo 1. Batllismo 1. Civic and economic nationalism 2. State action against â€Å"foreign economic imperialism† 1. Tariffs to protect local business 2. Government monopoly on public utilities 1. (i) Formerly British-owned railroad 2. (ii) Port of Montevideo 1. Government ownership of tourist hotels 2. Government owned meat-packing plants 3. State-owned banks 1. 3. Hemisphere’s first welfare state 1. Minimum wage 2. Labor regulations 3. Paid vacations 4. Accident insurance 5. Public education expanded 6. University opened to women 1. 4. Batllismo relied on prosperity to sustain reforms 2. Left rural Uruguay largely untouched 3. Aggressively anti-clerical 4. Tried to abolish presidency in favor of a council 5. Considered a â€Å"civil caudillo† 1. Argentina — Hipolito Yrigoyen 1. â€Å"Revolution of the ballot box† (1916) 1. Radical Civic Union 2. Middle-class reform party with working class support 3. First truly mass-based political party in Latin America 4. Rewarded supporters with public jobs 5. Reforms less audacious than in Uruguay 1. Used nationalist rhetoric 2. Did not significantly affect presence of foreign capital 1. 6. Created government agency to oversee oil production 1. Man of the people 1. Hated, and hated by, urban elite 2. Framed politics in moral terms 3. Lived in a simple house 1. Rejected European and U. S. initiatives 2. Repressed labor action 1. â€Å"Tragic week† of 1919 2. Patagonian sheep herders’ strike of 1921 1. Returned to power in 1928 1. Victor Manuel Haya de la Torre (Peru) 2. Exiled from Peru for protesting a U. S. -backed dictatorship 3. Lived in Mexico, influenced by Mexican Revolution 4. Formed Popular American Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) 1. International party 2. Defense against economic imperialism 1. Preferred the term â€Å"Indo-America† to Latin America 2. Indigenismo  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ nationalist emphasis on indigenous roots 1. Jose Carlos Mariategui imagined indigenous socialism 2. Inca models combined with Marxist theory 3. Peruvian society ethnically split, so  indigenismo  was not successful 1. APRA 1. Did not succeed as international party 2. Indigenismo  scared Peru’s Conservatives 3. Mass rallies against oligarchy, imperialism 4. Party revolted after losing a managed election 5. Rebellion crushed, party banned 1. Ciro Alegria 1. High-ranking APRA militant 2. Fled Peru 3. Wrote  indigenismo  fiction 4. Authored â€Å"Wide and Alien is the World† 5. Best-known Latin American  indigenismo  writer 1. Nationalists were influential even when kept from power 1. Colombia 1. Nationalists tried to outflank conservative client networks 1. Unionized urban workers 2. Rural oligarchies were too strong 1. 2. Jorge Eliecer Gaitan 1. Fiery popular leader 2. Rose to fame protesting massacre of banana workers at U. S. -owned plantation 1. Venezuela 1. Oil money kept leaders entrentched 2. Popular outreach carried out by communist or socialist activists 1. Chile 1. Thirteen-day â€Å"Socialist Republic† 2. Nationalists on the right prevented consolidation of a government 1. Cuba 1. Broad nationalist coalition ousted neocolonial dictator 2. Included university students and non-commissioned army officers 3. Fulgencio Batista 1. Led military element of revolution 2. Bowed to U. S. influence 3. Nationalism as window-dressing I. ISI and Activist Governments of the 1930s 1. Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) 1. International trade collapses during 1930s Depression 2. Latin American manufacturers fill void left by collapsed trade 3. Began during trade disruption during World War I 1. Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Mexico City develop industry 2. Latin American industry remains mostly undeveloped 1. Industrialization becomes central to nationalism 1. Economic activism 1. Setting wages and prices 2. Regulating production levels 3. Protective labor laws 4. Manipulated exchange rates 1. 2. State ownership of banks, utilities, key industries 1. Largest markets benefitted from ISI 1. Mexico 2. Southern Cone nations 1. Smaller markets did not see much industrialization 1. Poor, rural populations 2. Less market for domestically-produced products 1. Light industry responded better to ISI than heavy industry 1. Heavy industry required importing equipment 2. Required steel 3. Only Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile had steel industries 1. Brazil 1. Industry surpassed agriculture as percentage of GDP within two decades 2. Getulio Vargas 1. Compared to U. S. president FDR (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) 1. Made famous use of radio 2. Vastly expanded government 1. Oligarchic republic begins to collapse in 1920s 2. Young army officers –  tenentes  Ã¢â‚¬â€œstage symbolic uprisings 3. Coffee industry in crisis from overproduction 1. â€Å"Coffee Valorization Program† cannot offset drops in prices 2. Depression in 1929 causes prices to plummet again 1. Revolution of 1930 1. Vargas was governor of Rio Grande do Sul, non-coffee state 2. Candidate from coffee-producing Sao Paulo won a managed election 3. Opposition forces gather to dispute result 4. Vargas takes presidency with support of the army 5. Revolution of 1930 brought together diverse political movements 1. Frustrated liberals 2. Tenentes —  nationalists who despised Liberals 1. Young  Tenentes  absorb radical ideologies 1. Many  tenentes  joined communist party 2. Communist party at the center of Alliance for National Liberation (ALN) 3. Others join Integralists, inspired by European fascism 1. Vargas presidency 1. Ruled more-or-less constitutionally for seven years 2. Played different political factions against each other 3. Took dictatorial power in 1937 4. Announced  Estado Novo  (New State) 1. Highly authoritarian 2. Dissolved legislative bodies 3. Banned political parties 4. Media censored 5. â€Å"Interventors† appointed to direct state governments 6. Police operated with brutal impunity 1. 5. Nationalism helped maintain his popularity 1. Flood of new government agencies 2. National Steel Company 3. National Motor Factory 4. Prohibited foreign ownership of newspapers 5. Assimilation pressure on immigrant communities 1. Promotion of Afro-Brazilian heritage 1. Gilberto Freyre 1. Anthropologist 2. Authored  The Masters and the Slaves 3. Argued that African heritage created Brazil’s national identity 1. 2. Samba became Brazil’s national dance 2. Carmen Miranda 1. Known for her fruit-hats 2. Movie star first in Brazil, then in United States 3. In Brazil, movies occupied a nationalist niche — national dance, national music 4. In the United States, became a caricature of Latin America 5. Born in Portugal, raised in Brazil . Dance, costumes, and songs embodied Brazil 1. Sao Paulo Modern Art Week, 1922 1. Heitor Villa-Lobos 1. Integrated Brazilian folk melodies into classical compositions 2. Under Vargas, worked on national program for musical enrichment 3. Remains Latin America’s most famous classical composer 1. 2. Oswald de Andrade 1. â€Å"Cannabalist manifesto† 1928 2. Suggested that Brazilians metaphorically canniba lize European art 1. (i) Consume and digest it 2. (ii) Combine it with indigenous and African art to create Brazilian forms 1. 3. Jorge Amado 1. Best-known Brazilian novelist 2. Novels set in strongly Afro-Brazilian Bahia 1. Placing Vargas on the left-right spectrum 1. Organized labor unions 2. Protected workers 1. 48-hour work week 2. Safety standards 3. Retirement and pension plans 4. Maternity benefits 1. 3. Paternalistic — no worker control 1. Striking prohibited 2. Grievances addressed to the state 1. Lazaro Cardenas in Mexico 1. Humble beginnings, unlike Vargas or FDR 2. Fought in the Revolution 3. Became governor of Michoacan, his home state 4. Ran for president unopposed as Revolutionary party’s candidate 1. Campaigned across the country 2. Made a point to visit small villages 1. Distributed nearly 45 million acres of land, as much as previous twenty-four years put together 2. Supported labor, defended right to strike 1. Led to major international confrontation in 1938 2. Striking workers were employed by U. S. and British companies 3. Companies and strikers submitted to Mexican government for arbitration 1. Arbitrators awarded workers increased pay and social services 2. Foreign firms refused to comply 3. Mexican supreme court upheld decision 4. Companies continued to stonewall 1. 4. Cardenas expropriated the oil companies under Article 27 1. Mexicans voluntarily contributed to help government compensate the companies 2. Seen as a â€Å"declaration of economic independence† 3. Gave rise to national oil company, PEMEX 1. 5. Britain cut off diplomatic relations 1. FDR’s â€Å"Good Neighbor Policy† 1. Need for Latin American allies in unstable 1930s 2. 1933, Pan-American Conference 1. United States forswears intervention in Latin America 2. Cuba and Panama would no longer be protectorates 1. Rise of â€Å"Good Neighbor† movies 1. Carmen Miranda 2. Disney’s â€Å"Three Caballeros† 1. World War II 1. All countries of Latin America joined the United States as allies in World War II 1. Central American and Caribbean countries among first to join 1. Rafael Trujillo of the Dominican Republic 1. (i) Petty dictator supported by United States 2. (ii) â€Å"He’s our bastard† 1. 2. Chile and Argentina were aloof, with large population of immigrants from Italy, Germany 2. Brazil was greatest ally 1. â€Å"Bulge of Brazil† was of great strategic importance 2. Vargas allowed construction of U. S. bases and airstrips 3. Brazilian infantry fought in Italy 1. 4. Mexican fighter pilots flew in Pacific 1. War spurred ISI 1. U. S. demand for agricultural exports increased 2. United States and Europe still unable to produce industrial goods 3. Demand up and competition low for Latin American industry 4. Brazil, for example, enjoyed a huge trade surplus 1. Nationalism in 1945 1. Cultural shift had taken place 1. Rivera’s murals in Mexico’s government buildings 2. Acclaim for Afro-Brazilian samba dancers . Carlos Gardel 1. Famed tango singer 2. Popular throughout Latin America 3. Career cut short by plane crash 1. 4. Gabriel Mistral 1. Chilean poet 2. First Latin American to win a Nobel Prize 1. Many things remained unchanged 1. Central America virtually untouched by benefits of nationalism 1. Internal markets too small to support industrialization 2. Land-owning oligarchies had not ceded control 1. 2. Guatemala 1. German coffee growe rs had no interest in developing the country 2. Jorge Ubico 1. (i) Classic neocolonial dictator 2. ii) Main concern was promoting â€Å"civilization† and cultivating coffee 3. (iii) Wanted to be closest U. S. ally 1. United Fruit Company becomes single dominant economic enterprise 1. 3. El Salvador represented â€Å"worst-case scenario† 1. Dictator Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez 1. Brutally defended coffee production 2. (ii) 1932 becomes known as the year of â€Å"the Slaughter† 3. (iii) Most of the more than 10,000 victims were indigenous 1. Indigenous Salvadorans slowly gave up signs of their identity 1. 4. United States stopped nationalism in Central America and Caribbean 1. Batista in Cuba 2. Several rulers owed their power to U. S. intervention 1. (i) Anastasio Somoza of Nicaragua 2. (ii) Trujillo of Dominican Republic 1. (1) Motto: â€Å"God and Trujillo† 2. (2) Major nationalist effort was massacre of Haitian immigrants 1. 5. Rhetoric often outran reality in nationalist countries 1. Racism lingered 2. Urbanization created shantytowns 3. Rural areas of most countries saw no improvements 4. Countries remained technologically behind Europe and United StatesChapter How to cite Nationalism in Latin American History, Papers

Consumer Behavior in Tourism

Question: Discuss the consumer marketing behaviour. Answer: Introduction Consumer marketing behaviour is the most significant factor that the organizations need to consider while marketing their products and services. The buying behaviour of the consumers actually symbolises the effectiveness of the market and the efficacy they show in the operations (Evans, Jamal, Foxall, 2009). The choices and preferences of the people differ from each other and they look for products that are capable of attracting the attention of the people in various aspects. In this particular report, market analysis has been done in order to explore and acknowledge the perceptions and viewpoints of the different types of people regarding their travelling and tourism experience (Robinson, Luck, Smith, 2013). The survey results of three respondents have been selected for the analysis procedure through which the different choices of vacation destinations have been identified. The factors related with the choice of the locations such as budget, accommodation, conveyance, holiday pack ages, etc. are being taken into consideration in the following report. Analysis of the behaviour of the chosen respondents using personality theories For this particular report, the survey results of three consumers namely respondent 1, 4 and 5 have been analysed and evaluated with the help of the personality theories in order to reflect on the personalities of the respondents regarding their marketing behaviour and choice of the vacation locations. Difference in the rankings of evaluative criteria It has been perceived while analysing the survey results of the three chosen respondents that their rankings in the evaluative criteria are different from each other. With relevance to the personality theory, it can be said that the rankings have been made owing to the different personalities of the individuals. It is quite natural that the tastes and preferences of the people will vary from each other due to their personality and as such their rankings will be different (Slottje, 2009). The personality theory focuses on the fact that any two individuals will not at all be comparable in context of having some traits absent within them. The vacation destination and the facilities opted by the chosen three respondents clearly reveal the type of personalities they bear within themselves. Differences in the choices of vacation destinations Personality theory also emphasises that different people look for different places according to their choices and level of comfort they are likely to adapt themselves in. With relevance to the tripartite theory, it can be said that the choices and decisions of the people differ from each other due to three personality factors such as ego, superego and identity. Some people have been observed to give importance to their own needs and necessities and do not care about the others. Their ego and the feeling of deserving everything good and better leads them to choose luxury and enough comfort for themselves that identifies their personalities (Solomon, 2007). According to the survey findings, the respondent 1, that is the Australian student of 19 years will like to prefer visiting Las Vegas as the vacation destination for his family as it offers all sorts of attractions to the people of all ages. The respondent 4, that is the Brazilian bartender, will opt for New Zealand that is within h er budget and meets up her needs effectively. Thus the choices of locations change according to the personalities of the individuals. Analysis of behaviour of chosen respondents using demographic theories Demographic variables include age, gender, income level, family situation, ethnicity, etc. (Canavan, 2016). On the basis of all these factors, the choices and preferences of the people tend to vary from each other on considerable basis. According to the demographic theories, the people focus on their budgets and family situation as well as other factors and then decide on their expenses and choose the destinations they want to move on. On analysing the viewpoints of the chosen respondents, it can be hereby understood and evaluated that the individuals have made their decisions and choices based on their demographic variables. Difference in rankings of evaluative criteria The choices of the chosen respondents are different as their demographic factors are different. For example, the Brazilian bartender will think of her budget and will make expenses according to that. If she chooses New Zealand as her vacation destination, then it is quite obvious that she will look for the price of per head and will estimate the days with their staying duration which will make it easier for her to go for the trip. On the other hand, the 59 year old divorced office manager of New Zealand will tend to opt for her own country only as her income supports her affordability. The other respondent from Australia will prefer a vacation trip to Las Vegas as the place represents their ethnicity and culture and also matches their budget (Brown Jafari, 1990). Moreover family member is also an important factor that works in the decision making process. For the Australian student of 19 years, he takes his own travelling decisions. As he is single and does not have any kind of tension or stress, he can easily opt for the Las Vegas trip as this will suit his criteria and match his comfort level. He can also enjoy being there and experience a free and independent life. On the other hand the divorced woman is single and will spend her own expenses, but the bartender relies upon her partner for such decisions. The age of the three respondents is also a factor playing a major role in choosing the vacation destinations (Windham Orton, 2000). For instance, the 24 year bartender will choose a place where she and her partner can explore the most exciting aspects of New Zealand while the 59 year divorced lady will definitely want a comfort and relaxing accommodation where she can just relax and get her mind refreshed with no worries. With all these f actors in consideration, the people will choose their destinations and their comfort accommodations. Differences in the choices of vacation destinations As mentioned in the earlier sections, the choice of the places is strongly influenced by the demographic variables such as ethnicity, income level, gender, age, family members, marital status, etc. For each age group, marital status and gender specification, the preferences of the people regarding destinations change. For example in case of the Brazilian bartender, she is in a relationship with her partner which is not legal. As a matter of fact she and her partner will opt for an accommodation where separate rooms are available for both of them. Hence cost of two rooms will matter and accordingly they will choose their hotels and destinations (Pizam Mansfeld, 1999). People go for holiday destinations to have new unforgettable memories and experiences with their partners. A family will not choose a place where his wife and children will not enjoy the trip whereas a middle aged man will not choose such a place where he cannot experience or enjoy the single independent life. Hence the demographic factors play a major role in the decisions of the individuals for choosing the holiday destinations. Recommendations Based on the survey analysis made with three respondents, it can be thus said that there can be numerous recommendations that can be provided to the marketers of the tourism departments which will make the countries and places even more beautiful and can attract the people (Dhaliwal, 2006). It has been perceived from the survey that the three chosen respondents did not actually prefer the other destination options. It might be because of higher accommodation or package rates, lack of proper transport system, etc. Thus the tourism industries must acknowledge these factors and develop the places in such a way so as to make the tourists attract. In this respect certain recommendations can be highlighted for identifying steps to improve in future. Characteristic features of likeliest customers After analysing the survey findings of the three different individuals, it has been hereby observed that New Zealand stood in great demand for the people. Two out of three have chosen it as their favourite holiday destination as the country provides enough facilities for the tourists at the competitive price that make it quite affordable for the people (Tsiotsou Goldsmith, 2012). It is not so costlier and the carefree persons can easily avail the expenses of the country like the Brazilian bartender and the divorced lady. Thus New Zealand is liked by the majority of the individuals as per their likings and affordability. Strategies for attracting people using learning and memory theories The cognitive learning theory can be applied in case of attracting the potential tourists in the countries by promoting their attractions through media channels. Moreover the learning theory concerned will depict various auditory segments that can cater the best services and enjoyment to the tourists as per their needs (Slottje, 2009). People must be taught how to adapt to a new place and respond to a particular location. The information and package details of the countries must be provided to the tourists, from which they can learn about the best offerings of the countries. Conclusion The overall report depicted the varying perceptions and choices of the three different individuals who have expressed their desires and preferences on the basis of their demographic and personality factors. The theories indicated their reasons behind choosing such places. People choose places according to their likings and comfort (Pizam Mansfeld, 1999). People have different types of likes and dislikes. Hence as a matter of fact, the marketers must aim at producing those products and services in the market through which they can be able to present before the consumers a wide variety of products and services which they will like to purchase. References Brown, F. Jafari, J. (1990). Tourism and culture.Tourism Management,11(1), 78-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(90)90013-y Canavan, B. (2016). Tourism culture: Nexus, characteristics, context and sustainability.Tourism Management,53, 229-243. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.10.002 Chen, W., Hoyle, C., Wassenaar, H. (2013).Decision-based design. London: Springer. Dhaliwal, N. (2006).Tourism. London: Vintage Books. Evans, M., Jamal, A., Foxall, G. (2009).Consumer behaviour. Chichester, England: Wiley. Maccarrone-Eaglen, A. (2009). An Analysis of Culture as a Tourism Commodity.Tourism Culture Communication,9(3), 151-163. https://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830409x12596186103879 Pizam, A. Mansfeld, Y. (1999).Consumer behavior in travel and tourism. New York: Haworth Hospitality Press. Robinson, P., Luck, M., Smith, S. (2013).Tourism. Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CABI. Slottje, D. (2009).Quantifying consumer preferences. Bingley: Emerald. Solomon, M. (2007).Consumer behavior. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Tsiotsou, R. Goldsmith, R. (2012).Strategic marketing in tourism services. Bingley: Emerald. Windham, L. Orton, K. (2000).The soul of the new consumer. New York: Allworth Press.

THE SHORT ESSAY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT free essay sample

A large number of interrelated waste management tasks and their high complexity require a systematic approach to sweepings management. Waste management essay is an integral part of the overall stewardship system. The structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, and processes should be coordinated with work in other areas, for example, in production and economic activities, in the field of public health, etc. Ending the waste management essay introduction, it is necessary to say that this structure alone can not exist, therefore, it should be included in the environmental stewardship system.Stages of the Amplification of a Sweepings Management System in the Second Half of the 20th Century Disposal of waste in small landfills; The end of the 70s: construction of landfills engineering structures with wastewater filtrate purification systems and biogas utilization; 80-is. amplification of a separate collection system for SHW, amplification of the secondary market; 90-is. Processing of solid sweepings with the separation of organic component and its subsequent composting. We will write a custom essay sample on THE SHORT ESSAY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The current scheme of waste processing is the sorting of sweepings to remove secondary raw materials, separation of the organic part for composting and solid fractions to be burned or buried. The New Approach to Waste Management The main promise of any speech on waste management is in the fact that the transition from the landfilling of the entire mass of solid domestic sweepings to industrial processing to 50-60% of its weight is the main trend in solving the problem of waste in world practice. It should be understood that the practical solution of industrial sweepings processing is associated with large capital investments, so the construction of industrial waste processing facilities is rather slow.Waste stewardship begins with a change in the look at what household sweepings are. A well-known expert on the waste problem, Paul Connett, has a formulation expressing this new view: Rubbish is not a substance, but the art of mixing together different useful things and objects, thereby determining their place in a landfill.Traditional approaches to the sweepings problem focused on reducing the hazardous impact on the environment by isolating the landfill from groundwater, cleaning emissions from incineration p lants, etc. The basis of the concept of waste management is that the sweepings consist of various components that must not mix with each other, but be disposed of separately from each other in the most economical and environmentally acceptable ways.The system assumes that in addition to traditional methods, waste reduction, recycling and composting (reduce reuse recycle approach) should become an integral part of sweepings management. It is assumed that the combination of several mutually complementary programs and activities, rather than one technology, even the most modern one, can contribute to an effective solution of the waste problem.For each specific region, it is necessary to choose a certain combination of approaches that take into account local experience and local resources. The plan of measures in the sweepings stewardship system is based on the study of the flows of waste generated in different industries (including households), the evaluation of available options, and includes the implementation of small pilot projects that allow gathering information and gaining experience. At present, sweepings management is regulated by separate provisions of laws, regulations, and rules in the field of environmental protection and waste management. A lot of useful information can also be found in the scientific essay on waste disposal. The modern structure of the system of environmental law combines legal regulation of nature stewardship for facilities with functional regulation of environmental protection and environmental safety.Thus, the use of a set of different methods for processing sweepings, focused on regional and sectoral applications, is a waste management system. It should be built in the form of a hierarchical structure in which priority is given to methods that reduce the generation of sweepings , their reuse, and recycling, thereby reducing the volume of waste to be buried or destroyed. Waste Management System Hierarchy The hierarchy begins with the diminution of sweepings at the source. This implies a diminution in the total amount of waste and a decrease in their toxicity and other harmful properties. The diminution of sweepings is achieved by reorienting producers and consumers to products and packaging, resulting in less waste. The next level is recycling. This makes it possible to make full use of materials and reduce the amount of sweepings generated, and also significantly reduce the amount of waste that is consumed in landfills or incineration plants. The third level of recuperation is the processing of materials, including composting of organic matter, melting glass, metal, plastic and other forms of recuperation of useful materials, preventing their disposal. At the same time, recycling is the return of sweepings to the same technological process that led to their formation, and the recuperation is the use of waste after processing, or without it, in other technological processes or to generate energy. The fourth level is the extraction of energy. Incineration reduces the amount of sweepings that enters landfills and can be used to generate electricity. Modern incineration plants are equipped with emission cleaning systems, power generators used in combination with other methods. The fifth level is a burial on polygons. This remains necessary for wastes that are not recyclable, fireproof or combustible with the release of toxic substances. Modern sanitary polygons that meet environmental requirements do not closely resemble the landfills that are familiar to everyone: they are the most complicated engineering structures equipped with water and air pollution control systems that use methane generated during the rotting process to produce heat and electricity. The use of various combinations of recyclization, processing, composting and diminution of sweepings volumes leads to the most efficient functioning of the system and, ultimately, to a diminution in the amount of waste generated. At the same time, the sweepings stewardship structure should be organized in such a way that it has the opportunity to adapt to changing conditions in the economic and technological sphere, that is, to develop and improve as the approaches to management and methods of processing materials change. Elements of flexibility, mobility, and consistency that ensure the amplification of a waste stewardship system based on the results and experience of previous stages of its amplification and operation represent the conditions for its self-development.The concept of creating a sweepings   management system provides for the amplification of a set of related organizational, managerial, legal, regulatory, technical, and economic tools for sweepings management, waste m onitoring, and the implementation of promising scientific developments aimed both at improving the technical level of sweepings processing and on the creation and implementation of low-sweepings   technologies. One of the main directions in this area is the improvement of information support and training of specialists in sweepings management. Objects and Management Methods in the Waste Stewardship System When developing a system of state (and regional) sweepings management, one should proceed from the fact that management objects are all sources of sweepings   generation and their consumers and the controlled impact must be carried out in three strategic areas: creation of conditions for reducing the amount of waste; maintenance of growth of volumes of use of sweepings; creation of ecologically safe conditions of storage and a burial place of a waste. In a market economy, priority should be given to legal, regulatory and economic methods of management, that is, it is possible to use both economic incentive methods and economic impact methods. However, at present, sweepings producers do not bear the full economic and social burden of their destruction, shifting it to society. Therefore, the sweepings producer must compensate for the full social cost of handling waste. Main Principles of Waste Management Systems The basic principles of economic regulation in the field of sweepings stewardship are the following. Reducing the amount of sweepings through the introduction of low- and non-sweepings technologies and the involvement in the economic circulation of waste generated during the production process. However, the recycling of certain types of sweepings is economically unprofitable for one enterprise, since it requires certain efforts to collect and store special technologies and production facilities for their processing. Waste disposal costs. The payment for sweepings disposal is a form of compensation for damage to the environment. Funds are accumulated in the accounts of environmental funds and are used to finance environmental activities. Economic stimulation of activities in the field of sweepings management. The main levers of economic incentives should be tax and credit benefits to those users of natural resources who implement measures for resource saving and transition to clean production.

makeupp essays

makeupp essays The word cosmetics originates from the Greek word cosmos meaning order of arrangement. This business has evolved within the last half-century. In less than 60 years, the American cosmetic industry has evolved from bathtub and garage operation to a big business seducing teens. The forms of cosmetics include lipstick, lip gloss, foundation, powder, rouge, mascara, eyeliner, and nail polish. Women who didnt make their own had two choices: they could go to a pharmacist who compounded preparations under a house label or purchase commercial products. Recipes for cosmetics began to be published in the US in the late 18th century to the late 19th century. Womens access to information about cosmetics expanded. The earliest known cosmetics come from the 1st Dynasty of Egypt (about 3100-2907 BC). Tombs of this era have yielded unguent jars, and from remains of later periods it is evident that the unguents were scented. Such preparations, as well as perfumed oils, were extensively used by both men and women to keep the skin supple and unwrinkled in the dry heat of Egypt. Egyptian women also developed the art of decorating the eyes by applying dark green color to the lower lid and by blackening the lashes and the upper lid with kohl, a preparation made from antimony or soot. It is likely that the Jews adopted the use of cosmetics from the Egyptians, since references to face painting appear in the Old Testament. In Greco-Roman women wore white lead and chalk on their face to attract attention. Egyptians wore foundation to lighten their skin and kohl eyeliner. Europeans followed the Greco-Roman trend of pale faces . During the time of Louis X14 and Queen Elizabeth 1st, we took a few chances to look our best with catastrophic results. Pale skin was the flavor of the month and unknowingly, the skin was whitened with lead and it caused many early deaths. They were not satisfied with their hair either, so they bleached...

Hospitality and Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Hospitality and Tourism - Essay Example He concludes that there is no one "correct" definition of good job performance as the working environment, the type of operation and the type of manager influence how the job components are defined and the criteria for successfully achieving them. Managers depend on an array of tools to gauge workplace success and it can be argued that a balanced set of measurements are needed. Brander Brown and McDonnell[3] investigate whether the balanced score-card performance measurement method provides a practical solution. They found that hotel general managers saw benefits in preparing a detailed score-card for each of the areas or departments controlled by senior managers within an individual hotel, providing the score-cards are reviewed and updated regularly. Yasin and Zimmerer[4] link the application of benchmarking to the hotel's ability to achieve its goals in the area of quality improvement. They present a practical framework for this which defines both the operating and service subsystems of the hotel and propose specific methods for quality improvement in each. Information technology provides a feasible way of harnessing full operational capability and Donaghy et al.[5] review the application of yield management to profit maximization. A common use is to compute market sensitive pricing of fixed hotel room capacity for specific market segments. The authors examine this and provide a structured operational framework for focusing on ten key areas in hospitality operations. The main challenge is to engage the full potential of information technology and Crichton and Edgar[6] argue that the key element in managing complexity is to seek a balance between supply and demand-side technology. Customers And Service Improvement The concept of mass customization has emerged in part, from a decade of debate centred on the mass production of inexpensive, commodity-like products or services (the assembly line approach) on the one hand and premium-priced, individually-tailored and highly differentiated offerings on the other. Hart[7] observes that much of the power of mass customization, like total quality management before it, lies in its visionary and strategic implications. Its application should enable companies to produce affordable, high-quality goods and services, but with shorter cycle times and lower costs. The key dimensions of his diagnostic framework for assessing the potential for mass customization are: customer sensitivity, process amenability, competitive environment and organizational readiness. Taylor and Lyon[8] discuss the application of mass customization to food service operations and its likely adoption in a rapidly maturing marketplace. A compatible step is for management to create an app ropriate form of internal customer orientation and Stauss[9] notes that a deliberate and sustained effort is needed to create a climate that promotes a customer's viewpoint of work activities, processes and non-standardized support services. Customer orientation also implies a readiness to measure, and where necessary improve, the quality of service and support in keeping with customer expectations. Lee and Hing[10] assess the usefulness and application of the SERVQUAL technique in measuring service quality in the fine dining sector. They demonstrate how

Hospitality Industry Swott Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hospitality Industry Swott - Essay Example One of the ways is having a reflection at the SWOT analysis of individual hospitality destinations and basing on the analysis for make informed and forecasting decisions for the future. I. Future As noted in the introduction, the agenda for which a lot of people travelled has now changed (Hotel Managers Group, 2011). Today, people travel for business purposes more than for leisure and holiday. As a way of meeting the future challenge and this new changing trend, hospitality agencies has to open itself up more to target major companies who would need their facility for business meetings. If this should happen, the implication to hospitality agencies for the future is that their traditional role of accommodating visitors overnight would have to change. Though the giving out of conference rooms and other facilities for meetings was originally part of the traditional role of hospitality companies, the latter would now have to take the fore front in commanding income and revenue. In order to utilize this changing trend well, managers are admonished to focus more attention on making their meeting outlets, receptions and services more improved and advanced. Even though people travel less for tourism purposes of late, patronage of leisure activities such as the use of casinos keep rising (McCain, 2008). Because of this, hotel managers are advised to consider as future innovation, the need to incorporate the operation of casinos into their services. This is because once casinos are added there will not be the need to attract only foreign visitors but domestic users as well. It would also make the overall functionality of the hospitality facilities expanded (Knowles, 2009). Knowing what the future would hold for their company if they invested more in casinos, it was reported that â€Å"Asia’s third largest casino company is paying $236 million for the 14 acres of waterfront land surrounding The Miami Herald† (Miami Herald, 2011). Other hospitality companies are admonished to make such moves for the future of their businesses. II. SWOT Strength A major strength for the hospitality industry is that it represents a very large portion of the American labor force. For instance there are figures like 12.7 employed workers in restaurants, 50,000 operating hotels, over 4.6 million hotel rooms and 1.8 millions employees in lodging industry (NDSU Fact sheet index, 2011). The implication of these statistics to insiders of the hospitality industry is that they can always have readily available human resources to take up duties. It is recommended that as rapidly as possible, the human resources be given needed training and upgrading that will make advanced human capital for the merging markets of tomorrow. Weakness Ironically, the weakness of the hospitality industry is directly associated with its strength. Unfortunately, even though the industry employs a lot of human resource, the pay for the industry is relatively low. This situation creates e mployee turnover, which eventually affects the successful management of businesses. There is however a way out to this. It is

Leadership theories and models

Leadership theories and models Task 1: Definition of leadership: Leadership can be defined through different ways. But in simple, leadership is the process of motivating or influencing the group of people to do something or doing their work more effectively and efficiently. To be a leader, a person must have the ability to motivate or influence other people. In fact, leaders and followers use the leadership as a process of motivating and influencing others for gaining the objectives of an organization. There exist more similarities between leadership and management in different sector such as: motivating or influencing people and these are done both by manager and also leader. The process of leadership and management are done with the people. The main purpose of leadership and management is to accomplish the goal effectively. There are many activities of management which are similar with the function of leadership. But some dissimilarity is existed between leadership and management. A manager of British Airways should have the ability to lead to other that means he should has the skill of leadership because as a manager he plays the role of managerial and also leader. But the leader doesnt need to play the role of manager. Leadership theories and models: There are lots of theories regarding the leadership. Such as: trait theories, contingency theory, behavioural theory, participative theory, situational theories. These theories are described below: Behavioural approach: In case of behavioural leadership, the Ohio State Studies uses the questionnaire on leadership behaviour and conduct a sample survey through this questionnaire on different school, manufacturing companies or leaders of students. After completing the survey, the studies of Ohio State get the two different views of leadership which identifies the roles and responsibilities of leaders. These two aspects are: the leadership behaviour which is task oriented and another one is consideration. First one that is task oriented behaviour mainly consist the activities of directing, monitoring and designing the employees work and the consideration implies the leaders behaviour or concern towards their welfare, help them and monitoring their task accomplishment. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Int-Loc/Leadership-Theories-and-Studies.html There is another study which is done on leadership behaviour that is Michigan study. This study mainly focuses on the methods and processes of leadership which is indicated to the subordinates performance and their satisfaction to the job. Simply, it can be said that this study is related to the productivity and the employee. (http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Int-Loc/Leadership-Theories-and-Studies.html) Contingency approach: Contingency approach is also called situational approach. This approach is also concentrated on the team work and indicated to the activities of the leader to motivate his subordinates to work as a group and this group work or the leaders orientation on this is more effective. Contingency theories include Path goal, situational theory etc. and also the contingency theory of Fiedler. According to Fiedler contingency theory, the role of leader should be task- oriented in both the situation of favorable or unfavorable. But this theory was not clearly defined about the style of leadership. Path goal theory indicated to the performance of subordinate that is their experience, performance, their skills and ability etc. and to the working environment which is related to style of group work, authority system, quality of task etc. Impact of leadership styles: Two different styles of leadership: There are various styles of leadership which are used in different situations within the organization and the examples of these styles of leadership are: autocratic leadership, bureaucratic leadership, charismatic, democratic or participative, laissez faire, task oriented and transactional leadership etc. Among these forms of leadership styles, here I make comparison among the autocratic and democratic leadership. 1. Autocratic leadership: Transactional leadership with an extreme form is considered as the autocratic leadership where absolute power has been contained by the leaders to direct their worker or subordinates or team. Little opportunities are getting by the members of staff and team in order to suggestion making which is related with the best interest of the team or organization. It has been intended by many people to treat in this way of liking by them. Hence, the situations of high level absenteeism and the turnover of staff within the organization are leaded by the autocratic leadership. Therefore, effectiveness of this style of leadership is shown on the job of routine and unskilled work, the reason of which is that disadvantages can be outweighing by the control advantages. 2. Democratic leadership: Though, final decisions are made by the democratic leaders where other team members are invited by them to make contribution towards the process of decision making. Job satisfaction is not merely increasing by this through the involvement of the members of team, but it also provides support to skills development of the people. The team members can control their destiny by themselves through which they get motivation for working hard by getting the financial reward. The reason of which is time is needed to make participation of the members of team and may be more time is needed but the better result can be come. The situation on when this approach is used, in the time of working on a team as required and when quality gets more priority rather than the market speed or the productivity of the workers. Leadership Qualities: Leadership skill is considered as the managerial skill which is used for the purpose of motivating the peoples of the group in order to achieve the common goal. In this competitive market, it is very much needed to contain the skill of leadership by the manager through which he or she can lead the organization effectively and efficiently. Leadership is mainly related with the capacity where leader contains the capacity to listen others opinion and observe the activities of employees. Not only is this, in the decision making areas, the skills very much needed for the manager of an organization. One more thing is that if the employees are not motivated to do their works then the business cant be run and the manager with leadership skill can be greatly motivated to the employees of their works and try to give their best. 1. Forecasting and planning: the leader should have clear vision in relation to the forecasting and make planning within the organization from the perspective of SMART objectives of achievable, measurable, specific, realistic, and time boundary. 2. Organizing: leader should make the structure of the plan several parts are made for the specific task so that it can be easily get understand by the employees and as well as can be easily accomplished leader should determine the resources such as: the resources of human, monetary, technology and materials make sure about the work of sensitivity and job security of the employees 3. Command manager should have to distribute the task among the employees manager should maintain the level of hierarchy within the organization and as well as reported this controlling activities are taking by the manager for the purpose of leading the work force 4. Co-ordination manager should unified and harmonised the activities of the organization and as well as organized these activities the manager supervise the activities of the organization as coordinated and the activities and efforts are also harmonised and unified by the manager manager should also provide the support to the organization and as well as the employees of the organization to do their job and motivate them lead the organization and along with motivate the subordinates to give their best efforts on their job Task 2: For the purpose of describing the companies present status on the current condition of economy, after that, the significant changes which have been occurred since from the last five years within these organizations and positive or negative effect of the changes on these organizations, it should be needed to analyse the internal and external factors of the organizational changes where all these subject matter are explained. Internal factors: 1. Technology infrastructure: In order to exchanging the information, facilitating the system of communication and operating the business, internet plays the significant roles which can be included on current infrastructure of technology. British Airways, on this organization, rapid changes are happened on the technological sectors and as well more knowledge is demanded for ensuring effective management system within these organizations for the purpose of resources managing and along with developing these resources where competitive advantage is also maintained by the organization. 2. Change in leadership: Services are restructuring by these organizations such as: British Airways for the purpose of fulfilling the customer demand. It seems to be very difficult to spend money by the organization for solving each and every problem and this matter is well known the top leader of the organizations. In relation to solve the problem, workers of highly committed and flexible are needed within the organization. For make adjustment with the recent changes of the organization, great support can be getting from the leader in order to change the attitude of the employees for the purpose of accepting or welcoming the new changes. 3.Change in Employees Morale and Motivation: Employees morale and motivation are affected by making changes on leadership policies and practices in British Airways. It may also affect the productivity, production and profits of these organizations. External factors: For the purpose becoming successful in the current condition of the world, the organizations also should focus on the external environmental factors, along with the considerations are given toward the internal environment by the organizations. Resources and employees are included on the internal factors where external factors consist of political, economical, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Through describing these factors, it can be found out about the current conditions of the organization and the positive and negative effect of changes on the organizations. Political factors: In modern organizations such as: British Airways, there has the significant affects of the global politics. The activities of global politics for example: the incident of 9/11, Soviet Union collapse, Germanys reunification, WTO policies, have significant effect on the British Airwayss business operation and the results of which may impede the development of the organization. Economic factor: British Airways, this organization handle the scarce resource allocation which is related with the economic system. The economic progress of the country is done by leaps and bounds as the phase of progress. In the flourishing stage of economy rising level of peoples standard of living may result to grow the business of British Airways. Social factor: Inspiration, outlook and activity are considered as the foundation of the progress of the society in relation to the human affairs. Therefore, customer actions which are related with the approach and activities of them keep contribution on affecting the business of British Airways. There are some factors for example: level of maturity, vocation type and along with activities of sparing time and these factors are considered as the basis of bringing changes on the attitude and approach of the customer which results the changes of growing the business of British Airways. Technological factors: Tremendous effect is brought by the technological factors in order to the operation of the business development of British Airways and their status and as well as their program of marketing. These incidences are directed towards the rapid movement of the new trends generation and if the organizations dont know about these rapid movements of new trends then the growth and development of the business operation of the organization may impede. In British Airways, world class bid of this organization, management with cutting edge in order to the program of ethical auditing, a deal is signed by this organization with the management system of BSI in relation to the entropy software provision. Environmental factors: Natural gifts are included on the factors of environment which keep contribution on the change management of an organization where lands, water, air all are comprised. In fact, the movement of cost efficiency of British Airways result turned out the production progress of British Airways in order to affiliation alert where it has been showed that for the purpose of ensuring more earning, the organizations should also think about the environmental factors. Legal factor: Legal system is consisting of the rules and regulations which are considered as the framework on the basis of which the business of British Airways operate. The activities of promotion keep contribution towards the development of the nations administration policies for example: natural environment can be polluted through ventures put off by others. Task 3: Change management is considered as the approach of structuring and strategy in order to initiating and managing the process of change at the structure and culture of organization along with the behaviour and attitude of individuals or team to the transition of change at the business process field, implementation of technology, or the organizational policies. There has been shown the dramatically increment of the pace of change. The feature of operating environment is high dynamism and ever more complex as faced by the business and managers. At the todays market place, for the purpose of continuing the success and competent the leadership of change, change is going to make necessary requirement where it is mostly related with the executive leadership skill. The organizational environment within which the operation of the organization is conducted now becoming complex, turbulent and not certain. Therefore, the application of the proper form of changes in the requirement of the environm ental challenges is applied for the long term sustainability of organizations. It also consists of the shifting of the organizations perceptions and beliefs in relation to the employees, customers, competitors and products Managing change is an important requirement for the success of strategy implementation that is also stated by Al-Abri (2007) who says that managing change controls the changes by plan, evaluation and implementation to make the changes worthy and relevant. But Dowson and Andriopoulos (2009) completely disagree with them because they say that managing change is the moving of new technologies and techniques to develop products and services so that organizations can compete in the market. Sengupta et al (2006) covers most of all issues of managing change and they more or less agree with all except Dowson and Andriopoulos because they establish managing change is as a set of factors like psychological, social, personal and demographic that introduces resists, modifies, alters and accepts the changes gradually. Task 4: Change management has consisted a goal which is related with the aspect of human to overcome the change resistance for the member of organization to buy into change and achieve the goal of British Airways of the transformation as orderly and effectiveness. The change management of the British Airways is considered as the both process and tools which are used by the management in order to making changes at the level of organization. It has been expected by most organization to implement the change along with the least resistance and also the most buy- in. For the purpose of occurring this, structured approach is used to implement change so that smooth operation of the transition from the behaviour of one type to other organization widely. Through following ways, the issues of change management can be dealt: At majority of the cases, the first responsibility of the management of British Airways is to processes or behavior identifying which is not proficient and coming up with new behaviors, processes, etc which are considered as more effective inside the organization. there has been occurred the identification of one changes, it is required for the manager to impact estimating which they should determine for the organization and the employee as individual at many levels such as: technology, employee behavior, work processes, etc. The main job of the management of British Airways is to provide supports to the workers of the organization by the changing process which is seemed to be very difficult. In addition, hard work is needed to adopt by the each and every individual and the whole organization in order to making modifications of necessary behavior. Task 5: The imposing or enforcing effective change is seemed to be impossible and very difficult. Unexpected results, inertia or best compliance as reluctant are leaded by the entire approach of top- down. Parish et al (2008) conducted the research which focuses towards the change antecedents for example: matching with vision, relationship quality of employee and manager, motivation to do the job, autonomy role, change commitment is influenced by all. Implementation success and improved performance have the great impact on the significant affective commitment in British Airways. At functional change in British Airways, training and development is considered as the significant part of it. The significance of it may identified in terms of new skills, attitudes and behaviors as required but it has also the aim of giving staff understanding and empowering them to increase confidence of them by pursuing continuous improvement (Burnes, 2004, and Kotter, 1996). There is needed to establish the comprehensive program of training along with the placing of the system for evaluation and feedback. Therefore, training resistance and common problems for example: inability of transferring new skills of the workplace; is discussed by Rusaw (2000), which stemmed from the struggle among the domination and efforts of the organization to employee emancipation.

The Transition To The Role of Professional Nurse

My most recent employment included working as a Rehabilitation vocational nurse in an in-patient Rehabilitation hospital. Typically I cared for 6-8 patients at a time, providing total care for each. I am IV certified with much experience in the field, particularly within pediatrics. I have worked with professional nurses, physical and occupational therapists, social workers, dietitians, physicians and more as part of a collaborative and comprehensive health care team. Issues and Concerns Surrounding Transition For Practical/Vocational Nurse A licensed practical or vocational nurse (LPN or LVN) is often the first step in one's career toward becoming a certified professional nurse. The role of a vocational nurse differs significantly from the role of a professional nurse. Most nurses trained at this level have one year of study experience at a vocational or community college. A vocational nurse is used to working under the supervision of a licensed RN or professional nurse or physician (Quan, 2004). There are multiple issues and concerns surrounding the transition to the role of professional nurse, none the least of which is the shortage of qualified nurse educators to provide guidance to LPN's desiring a career as an RN (Quan, 2004). There are also multiple levels of education one may pursue as a professional nurse that must be considered (Quan, 2004). For example, while many hospitals in the past have offered three year courses allowing students to live in the hospitals, few of these programs still remain (Quan, 2004). Most vocational nurses now desiring a professional career must pursue their Bachelor of Science in Nursing or an associate's degree in nursing. This requires much time, effort and of course, acceptance into a qualified nursing programs. A vocational nurse must also have the ability to effectively transition to the role of a supervisor or leader, capable of making complex decisions and delegating tasks to others as part of their job responsibilities as a professional nurse. Clinical Judgment in Autonomy and Accountability of Professional Nursing Practice Professional nursing practice affords RN's a relatively large amount of autonomy and accountability on the job. Professional nurses are often called on to use their own technical expertise and judgment to help manage and oversee patient care as part of members of a collaborative health care team (Shanbhag, 2002). They are accountable for the results of any decisions they make regarding patient care, even when those decisions involve delegating tasks to others. In cases where professional nurses supervise the work functions of others, professional nurses must also be held accountable for patient outcomes and the outcomes of their underlings. Professional nurses are often afforded the ability to delegate tasks as they see appropriate to underlings including vocational nurses (Shanbhag, 2002). This requires not only a great deal of decision making ability but also the ability to differentiate among underling's skills, qualifications and abilities. This will help them remain accountable for the actions of each member of their health care team. A professional nurse is also more likely to be held accountable for patient's outcomes as they often supervise the care of other nurses or health care assistants involved in patient care (Shanbhag, 2002). Most are expected to exercise â€Å"independent judgment† reserving the right to direct care in certain circumstance (Shanbhag, 2002). Professional nurses are also more likely to be held accountable for patient outcomes as well as the performance of those working under their direct supervision. How Professional Nurse Collaborates with Others To Achieve Effective Patient Care The best possible outcome for patients is only realized when professional nurses work as members of a multidisciplinary team, collaborating to ensure the best patient outcome. A professional nurse does not work alone but rather as a member of a comprehensive patient care team whose goals include optimizing patient outcomes. Members of this comprehensive health care team may include nursing assistants, professional nurses, primary care physicians, social workers, patients and family members (Coombs, 2004). For collaboration to work in the health care team it must often be defined in a non-hierarchical or cooperative manner based â€Å"on shared power and authority† assuming that each member of the team holds a certain level of knowledge, responsibility and influence that directly influences patient outcomes (Coombs, 2004). Professional nursing requires many of the same leadership skills required of doctors or other management professionals. The primary leadership skills beneficial to the field include (1) the ability to establish, maintain and promote communication and interpersonal relationships, (2) the ability to delegate work tasks and oversee the work of others (3) the ability to make decisions based on one's knowledge, skills and expertise (4) the ability to work as members of a collaborative team and (5) the ability to help create interdependency and promote knowledge sharing among all team members (Coombs, 2004). The ability to work collaboratively is a fundamental skill required of effective leaders (Miccolo & Spanier, 1993). A professional nurse must first be able to provide coworkers, supervisors and underlings with clear communication and insight regarding his or her goals, methods, policies and programs. A professional nurse like any other member of a health care team is responsible for knowledge sharing. Anyone responsible for knowledge sharing within an organization must have the ability to develop communication skills among team members. Further, a leader knows how to delegate work tasks to ensure they aren't overburdened by administrative or nursing tasks at any one point in time. This helps reduce burn out and promotes a more efficient and product team environment. A nurse must also rely on their own education, experience and knowledge to help make directed and responsible decisions within the health care environment. This will help the nurse work as an effective leader within the health care team, and promote cooperation among all team members. Management of Nursing Care and Delegation Professional nurses must act as managers, working to help build, create, maintain and manage effective partnerships or teams of workers within the health care environment. The management of nursing care involves identifying what members of the health care team are capable of carrying out certain roles, and assigning them those roles accordingly to ensure the patients basic needs are met, and to ensure a positive health outcome for patients treated under a professional nurses care. Delegation of tasks is an autonomous task requiring independent decision-making capability. Since professional nurses tend to work in a role that requires leadership, independent thinking, decision making and accountability for patient outcomes, it naturally follows that professional nurses must learn how to delegate tasks appropriately. Proper use of delegation within the health care environment will also free up time for professional nurses to work with multiple patients and to address the many administrative functions and tasks that come along with the role of a professional nurse in today's health care environment (Coombs, 2004).